Note 1 – History and Basis of Presentation

History

The company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Utah on November 20, 1991. Effective as of August 6, 1992, the Company merged with and into WPI Pharmaceutical, Inc., a Utah corporation, pursuant to which WPI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was the surviving corporation. Pursuant to the merger, the name of the surviving corporation was changed to Medical Discoveries, Inc. (“MDI”).  MDI’s initial business purpose was the research and development of an anti-infection drug.  In 2005, MDI acquired the assets and business associated with the SaveCream technology and carried on the research and development of this drug candidate.  MDI made the decision in 2007 to discontinue further development of its drug candidates and sell the technologies.

On September 7, 2007, MDI entered into a share exchange agreement pursuant to which it acquired all of the outstanding ownership interests in Global Clean Energy Holdings, LLC, discussed further in Note 3.  Global Clean Energy Holdings, LLC was an entity that had certain trade secrets, know-how, business plans, term sheets, business relationships, and other information relating to the start-up of a business related to the cultivation and production of seed oil from the seed of the Jatropha plant.  With this transaction, MDI commenced the research and development of a business whose purpose is to provide feedstock oil intended for the production of bio-diesel.

On January 29, 2008, a meeting of shareholders was held and, among other things, the name Medical Discoveries, Inc. was changed to Global Clean Energy Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”).

Effective April 23, 2008, the Company entered into a limited liability company agreement to form GCE Mexico I, LLC (GCE Mexico) along with nine unaffiliated investors.  The Company owns 50% of the common membership interest of GCE Mexico and five of the unaffiliated investors own the other 50% of the common membership interest.  Additionally, a total of 1,000 preferred membership units were issued to two of the unaffiliated investors.  GCE Mexico owns a 99% interest in its Mexican subsidiaries, Asideros Globales Corporativo (Asideros), Asideros 2, and Asideros 3, entities organized under the laws of Mexico, and the Company owns the remaining 1% directly.  GCE Mexico was organized primarily to, among other things, acquire land in Mexico through subsidiaries for the cultivation of the Jatropha plant.

On July 2, 2009, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Technology Alternatives, Limited (TAL), which has developed a farm in Belize for cultivation of the Jatropha plant.  TAL has also developed a nursery capable of producing Jatropha seedlings and rooted cuttings, and provided technical advisory services for the propagation of the Jatropha plant.

In March 2010, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Global Energias Renovables (GER) which manages the company’s bio-fuels operations in Latin America.

On July 19, 2010, the reincorporation of the company from a Utah corporation to a Delaware corporation was completed, as approved by shareholders. In the reincorporation, each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock was automatically converted into one share of common stock of the surviving Delaware corporation. In addition, the par value of the Company’s capital stock changed from no par per share to $0.001 per share.  The effects of the change in par value have been reflected retroactively in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for all periods presented.  The effect of retroactively applying the par value of $0.001 per share resulted in reclassification of $17,409,660 of common stock and $1,290,722 of preferred stock as of December 31, 2008 to additional paid-in capital.  The reincorporation did not result in any change in the Company’s name, ticker symbol, CUSIP number, business, assets or operations. The management and Board of Directors of the company remained the same.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Global Clean Energy Holdings, Inc., its subsidiaries, and the variable interest entities of GCE Mexico, and its Mexican subsidiaries (Asideros, Asideros 2 and Asideros 3). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Generally accepted accounting principles require that if an entity is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE), the entity should consolidate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the VIE in its consolidated financial statements.  Global Clean Energy Holdings, Inc. considers itself to be the primary beneficiary of GCE Mexico, and it’s Mexican subsidiaries, and accordingly, has consolidated these entities since their formation beginning in April 2008, with the equity interests of the unaffiliated investors in GCE Mexico presented as Noncontrolling Interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for Agricultural Operations

All costs incurred until the actual planting of the Jatropha Curcas plant are capitalized as plantation development costs, and are included in “Property and Equipment” on the balance sheet. Plantation development costs are being accumulated in the balance sheet during the development period and will be accounted for in accordance with accounting standards for Agricultural Producers and Agricultural Cooperatives. The direct costs associated with each farm and the production of the Jatropha revenue streams have been deferred and accumulated as a noncurrent asset, “Deferred Growing Costs”, on the balance sheet. Other general costs without expected future benefits are expensed when incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments maturing in three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Inventory

The company uses the LIFO valuation method for its inventories.   The company records no inventories above their acquisition costs.   As of December 31, 2011, there have been no losses related to the valuation of inventory.  Inventory at December 31, 2011 and 2010 consists mainly of seeds held for sale, seedlings and bags held as work in process.

Concentration of Credit Risk

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had cash and cash equivalents in excess of federally-insured limits of $5,000 and $328,000, respectively, bank deposits in the United States, and no excess balances for bank deposits in Mexico. The Company has maintained its cash balances at what management considers to be high credit-quality financial institutions.

Property and Equipment

Substantially all property and equipment relate to plantation costs and related equipment to cultivate the Jatropha Curcas plant. Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of office equipment is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years. Plantation equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 5 to 15 years. Depreciation of plantation equipment has been capitalized as part of plantation development costs through the date that the plantation becomes commercially productive. Plantation development costs have been accumulated in the balance sheet during the development period and are being accounted for in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for agricultural producers and agricultural cooperatives. The initial plantations were deemed to be commercially productive on October 1, 2009, at which date the Company commenced the depreciation of plantation development costs over estimated useful lives of 10 to 35 years, depending on the nature of the development. Developments and other improvements with indefinite lives are capitalized and not depreciated. Other developments that have a limited life and intermediate-life plants that have growth and production cycles of more than one year are depreciated over their respective lives once they are placed in service. Land, plantation development costs, and plantation equipment are located in Mexico.

Except for costs incurred during the development period of the plantation, normal maintenance and repair items are charged to costs and expensed as incurred. During the development period, maintenance, repairs, and depreciation of plantation equipment have been capitalized as part of the plantation development costs. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and gain or loss on disposition is reflected in results of operations.

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, the carrying values of intangible assets and other long-lived assets are reviewed on a regular basis for the existence of facts or circumstances that may suggest impairment. The Company recognizes impairment when the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Impairment losses, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, management’s review of the carrying values of long-lived assets did not indicate any impairment.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and the carryforward of operating losses and tax credits, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded when it is more likely than not that such tax benefits will not be realized. Assets and liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions taken or positions expected to be taken in income tax returns when such positions are judged to not meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold based on the technical merits of the positions. Estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are included as a component of general and administrative expense.

Income taxes are provided for temporary differences between financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The following is a reconciliation of the amount of benefit that would result from applying the federal statutory rate to pretax loss with the benefit from income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows at December 31, 2011 and 2010, using a combined deferred income tax rate of 40%:

In as much as it is not possible to determine when or if the net operating losses will be utilized, a valuation allowance has been established to offset the benefit of the utilization of the net operating losses.

As of December 31, 2011 the Company has available net operating losses of approximately $17,802,000 which can be utilized to offset future earnings of the Company. The utilization of the net operating losses are dependent upon the tax laws in effect at the time such losses can be utilized. The loss carryforwards expire between the years 2012 and 2031. Should the Company experience a significant change of ownership, the utilization of net operating losses could be reduced.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and, in the state of California. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for tax years before and including December 31, 2007. The Company is no longer subject to examination by state tax authorities for tax years before and including December 31, 2006. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not recognize interest and penalties.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; collectability is reasonably assured; and title and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the buyer. Value added taxes collected on revenue transactions are excluded from revenue and are included in accounts payable until remittance to the taxation authority.

Jatropha oil revenue - The Company’s primary source of revenue will be crude Jatropha oil.  Revenue will be recognized net of sales or value added taxes and upon transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. Revenue is not recognized when there are significant uncertainties regarding recovery of the consideration due, associated costs or the possible return of goods.

Advisory services revenue -  The Company provides development and management services to other companies regarding their bio-fuels and/or feedstock-Jatropha development operations, on a fee for services basis.  The advisory services revenue is recognized upon completion of the work in accordance with the separate contract.

Agricultural subsidies revenue - the Company receives agricultural subsidies from the Mexican government.  Due to the uncertainty of these payments, the revenue is recognized when the payments are received.

Research and Development

Prior to the discontinuation of its bio-pharmaceutical business, research and development had been the principal function of the Company. Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred.

Foreign Currency

During 2011, the Company had operations located in the United States, Mexico and Belize. For these foreign operations, the functional currency is the local country’s currency. Consequently, revenues and expenses of operations outside the United States of America are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average exchange rates, while assets and liabilities of operations outside the United States of America are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates at the balance sheet date. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in equity (deficit) as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Foreign currency transaction adjustments are included in other income (expense) in the Company’s results of operations.

Certain foreign currency transactions related to the discontinued bio-pharmaceutical business are primarily undertaken in Euros. Gains and losses arising on translation or settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in the determination of income or loss. Consequently, certain foreign currency gains and losses have been included in income from discontinued operations.

The Company has not entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for accounts payable approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts reported for the various notes payable and the mortgage note payable approximate fair value because the underlying instruments are at interest rates which approximate current market rates.

Estimates

Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing financial statements. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported revenues and expenses. Significant estimates used in preparing these financial statements include a) those assumed in determining the valuation of common stock, warrants, and stock options, b) estimated useful lives of plantation equipment and plantation development costs, and c) undiscounted future cash flows for purpose of evaluating possible impairment of long-term assets. It is at least reasonably possible that the significant estimates used will change within the next year.

Profit/Loss per Common Share

Profit/Loss per share amounts are computed by dividing profit or loss applicable to the common shareholders of the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted profit or loss per share amounts are computed assuming the issuance of common stock for potentially dilutive common stock equivalents.

All outstanding stock options, warrants, convertible notes, and convertible preferred stock are currently antidilutive and have been excluded from the calculations of diluted profit or loss per share at December 31, 2011 and 2010, as follows:

Stock Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model which requires management to make estimates for certain assumptions regarding risk-free interest rate, expected life of options, expected volatility of stock and expected dividend yield of stock.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated the accompanying financial statements for subsequent events through the date of filing this report.

Prior Period Reclassifications

Certain December 31, 2010 balances have been reclassified in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform to the December 31, 2011 presentation.  These reclassifications had no effect on the December 31, 2010 total equity or net loss.

Recently Issued  Accounting Guidelines/Statements

In June 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring entities to report components of other comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive statements of net income and other comprehensive income. Retrospective application will be required beginning in 2012.

The Company expects to be required to include in its financial statements the statement of comprehensive income beginning in the first quarter of 2012.

In May 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance regarding fair value measurements. This guidance establishes common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). It also clarifies the FASB’s intent on the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued authoritative guidance related to balance sheet offsetting. The new guidance requires disclosures about assets and liabilities that are offset or have the potential to be offset. These disclosures are intended to address differences in the asset and liability offsetting requirements under U.S. GAAP and IFRS. This new guidance will be effective for us for interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013, with retrospective application required. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.